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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. WIRSGHING & R. SOHEFBAUER. ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

N0.461,659. Patented 0ct.20, 1891.

zaW as am m m EWMQW (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. A. WIRSGHING & R.SOHEPBAUER.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

vwawl ooy Q, 116 210 I f awqf k Patented O0t.20,1891.

tdMLa/Hy/t p wilmaooeo (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. A. WIRSGHING 85 R.SOHEFBAUER.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 461,659. atented Oct. 20, 1891.

awvawliom UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 461,659, dated October20, 1891.

Application filed November 15, 1890. Serial No. 371,577. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ALOYs XVIRSCHING, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, county and State of New York, and RUPERTSOHEFBAUER, a subject of the Elm 'peror of Germany, residing at NewYork,

county and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Electrio-Arc Lamps, of which the followingis such afull, clear, and exact description as will enable any one skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

e have invented an arc lamp having certain novel features ofconstruction which improve both the appearance and the operation ofapparatus of this class. Our des1gn has been to construct a lamp theregulation of which should be simple and practically without sudden orspasmodic movements such as interfere with the satisfactory working ofare lamps generally. To this end we have devised a novel regulating oradjusting apparatus, which will be fully described in the specificationwhich follows. Our lamp s also adapted to different kinds of circuitswith no changes of construction. In carrying out our invention we havehad in mind, also, the external appearance of the lamp, and we havegiven it an attractive contour.

A complete idea of our invention can be obtained from a study of thefollowing specification,taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of a part of our lamp,showing the feeding mechanism, i11- cluding a solenoid and the clockmechanism. Fig. 2 is a front elevation showing the same parts from apoint at right angles to the view in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side view ofthe lamp, showing the lower portion thereof in detail. Fig. 4 isasectional view taken along line l 4- in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a detailview, as hereinafter described. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are views showing thedifferent windings for different installations and voltage.

The same letters and numerals represent the same parts in all of thefigures.

At A is shown a cylindrical casing inclosing the main working parts ofour lamp.

Vithin this casing is'a frame 13, consisting of two similar standardsplaced opposite each other. The standards are secured at the bottom to aplate 0, and at the top are pressed upon by a plate or ring D, which isprovided centrally with a bushing (Z, as shown. The bushing isinternally screw-threaded to receive the similarly-threaded lower end ofthe interior wall of a solenoid E, as shown. The part which we havecalled the interior wall ofthe solenoid projects beyond the solenoidproper and is screw-threaded for the purpose indicated. We havedesignated this portion of the solenoid as the interior wall todistinguish it from the movable core F, to which reference will be madehereinafter. The upper end of the solenoid is formed into ascrew-thread, to which is secured the tube G, surrounding the carbon rodor carrier H. A brass cap .1 fits over the top of this tube and isprovided with an eye j, by means of which the lamp may be suspended. Aplate 15 at the upper end of solenoid E fits in the upper end of thecylindrical casing A, and an annular plate or collar 16, ornamentallyshaped, is placed about the base of tube G and caps the upper end of thecasing A, as shown in the drawings. Now the core F of the solenoid ishollow, and the carbon rod or carrier ll passes through it. The said rodalso passes below the core between the uprights of the frame B. The rodis rectangular in crosssection, and is serrated on one side or edge, soas to form, practically, a rack-bar, and the rack engages with a pinion72., as seen clearly in Fig. 1. Now the pinion referred to is mounted ina movable U-shaped frame I l, the latter being itself pivoted near itsopen end by means of the set-screws 2' t in the frame B. This is mostclearly shown in Fig. 4c. The pinion h is mounted on a shaft 0, and byits side on the same shaft are a ratchet K and a gear-wheel L. Thelatter engages with a simple train consisting of a pinion M and anescapement-wheel N, with which an cscapement n co-operates in the usualmanner. Connected with the escapement n is a balanced lever 2), the topof which is segmental in shape and notched or serrated, as shown inFig. 1. Now the closed end of the frame I l is connected by a link 0with a lever P,

pivoted at q and connected at its opposite end by a pivot to the core F,as shown. A detent or lever Q is pivoted atone endto the frame 13 andextends out over the upper end of the balanced lever 13. On the detentor lever Q is formed a tooth r, which engages with one of the notches orserrations on the upper end of the balanced lever 19 and prevents allmovement of the clock mechanism while so engaging. The iron core F isthus supplied at its lowest end with a lever constructionwvhich reducesthe up-and-down motion of said iron core, changing a one-half orthree-fourths inch movement of the core into a one-sixteenth orone-eighth inch movement of the carbon-rod.

From the foregoing it is evident that the clock-work of our lamp ispivoted in the frame I I and that the latter is movable, its movementsdepending upon the position of the core F of the solenoid. When thelatter is down, as it is in the normal condition of the lamp, with thecarbon points separated, the clock-work is raised far enough to bestopped or detained by the tooth r of the detent Q. l/Vhen, however, thesolenoid core is raised, the clock-work will be depressed far enough topass out of' engagement with the toot-ho", whereupon the Weight of thecarbon and the carbon-rod will be sufficient to cause both to descendslowly and establish contact between the two carbons. This action willbe referred to again in connection with a description of the completeoperation of the lamp. It should be understood, however, that the carbonrod or carrier is kept in perfect alignment by means of the guidancefurnished by the bearings at the upper end of the solenoid and the lowerend of the frame Bthat is, the plate 0. Below the plate 0 and insulatedtherefrom is a plate R, of cast-brass, to which are-screwed the rods Sand S, the formerof which is hollow and contains a wire 8, leading tothe lower carbon. These rods are connected at their lower ends with thecross-piece T, also of cast brass, and well insulated from the rods. Inthe lower cross-piece is an oval or oblong slot 75, within which thelower-carbon holder U is adapted to slide or be adjusted. The top of thecarbon-holder is cut through to form the clutch. The said carbon-holderis provided with a cylindrical portion at the top, which is reamed outto receive the lower carbon and is slitted or split. Below this point itis made conical in shape and below that again cylindrical and solid, andon this last-named portion it is screw-threaded and adapted to receive ajam-nut V. This is shown in Fig. 3. In being put into place it is passedthrough a plate W, resting 011 the cross-piece T, which plate NV hasacircular opening and fits about, say, the middle portion of the cone.Now it is evident that if the jam-nut be put on and screwed up tight thesplit part of the carbon-holder will be compressed and will grasptightly the lower end of the carbon. Owing to the presence of the oblongslot, the lower carbon can be adjusted so as to be brought into perfectalignment with the upper, even if the latter should notbe straight.

The binding-posts are shown at X and 'Y, X being the entering-post and Ythe exitpost. These are insulated from the plates C and R, as shown inFig. 2. The solenoid E is differentially wound, the upper part beingwound with fine wire, so as to make a high resistance, and the lowerpart being wound with coarser wire. Now the circuit after passing thebinding-post X divides, a part of it going through the fine-wire coilsand thence directly to the binding-post Y and part going through themain-current winding of the solenoid E and thence to the frame andclockwork, as a contact for the carbon-rod H, and

is carried through the same to the upper or positive carbon and fromthis through the arc or by direct contact with the lower carbon to thelower-carbon holder U, and thence by the connection-wire in the side rodS upward to the negative post Y. (See Figs. 3 and 6.)

Now the action of the lamp is as follows, it being understood that thecarbons are normally separated and that it is first necessary to havethe circuit established through the carbons by dropping the upper oneinto contact with the lower: The core F is in its lowermost positionbefore the current is turned on. As soon as the circuit is closed thecurrent begins to pass through the finewire coils, but not through themain circuit, owing to the great resistance offered by the air-spacebetween the carbon points. Practically all the current goes through thefine wire, thus causing the core to be lifted and consequently theclock-frame to be carrie down, as before described. Accordingly thecarbon-rod, together with the carbon, will slowly descend until contactis made between the two carbons. At this moment, however, the majorityof the current (practically all of it) will pass through the maincircuit, whereby the lower part of the solenoid will become e11-ergized. This will cause a sudden dropping ot' the core F and a suddenlifting of the clock-frame, together with the carbon-rod and carbon. Atthe extremity of the lift the escapement or the lever connected with itwill be caught by the tooth o of detent Q and the clock-work will bestopped. The distance through which the carbon is drawn by this throw orsudden movement can be regulated by means of a nut .2 on a screw-rod Z,secured in the plate or ring D, (see Fig. 1,) the nut and rod serving toregulate or limit the range of movement of the detent Q. Anyinfluencetending to disturb the balance between the two sets of coils of thesolenoid will adjust itself in the manner indicated, the principle beingthat of the \Vheatstone bridge or balance. Thus when the arc becomes toolong and the resistance by that path too great, the current or a greaterportion of it will pass into the line-wire coil and exactly the sameprocess above described will be repeated when placed in series andindirect high ten sion or hi gh-tension alternating circuits. In case of atotal destruction of the carbons or any radical irreparable detriment tothe lamp it will be seen that the lamp cuts itself out by means ofdevices now to be described. These consist of a contact 1, formed on aprojection from the lower end of the core, co-operating with a contact 2on an arm 3, connected with the wire leading to the post Y. In this waythe main wire is connected through the carbon-rod and the core with thenegative binding-post without passing through the carbons. A cut-out isthus formed which will admit of other lamps in the same circuit beingoperated without injurous effects on account of the destruction of anygiven lamp.

The remaining new features of our apparatus relate to the appearance ofthe same and to the devices for holding the globe in place or renderingit adjustable at will. These latter will be seen in Fig. 3, where a hood4 is shown, into which the upper end of the globe 1O normally extends.At 5 5 are shown bent guides, to which are riveted springs 6 6, whichsprings are provided near their tops with pins 7 7. Now this aggregationof parts, consisting of the guides or arms 5 5 and the springs 6 6, isadapted to be moved up and down upon the hood and the rods in an obviousmanner. To assist in the manipulation, the springs are bent over at thetop. The globe 10 is held in place by tap-screws 8 S, which pass throughthe lower ends of the guides and springs. hen the globe is fully raised,the pins 7 7 pass through openings 9 in the hood andhold it in position.The hood at is perforated to ventilate the globe, which is provided atits lower opening with a removable cap 20, formed in suitable ornamentaldesign and secured to the globe by means of thumb-screws 21. This bottomplate 20 is also formed with ventilating-perforations, and it gives apleasing finish to the appearance of the lamp.

Such is the lamp which we have invented in its ordinary form andconstruction. \Vhen it is desired to use our lamp in an incandescentcircuit with continuous current, it is desirable to place thelamp-resistance in the smallest possible space and at the same time toutilize it by regulating the lamp. In such cases the resistance is laidaround the main winding of the solenoid coil with more or lessresistance, according to the strength of the current. In high-tensioncircuits the construction is the same. The solenoid is supplied onlywith tension-winding of high resistance because such winding as a shuntpermits more variation of the current and regu-. lates particularly uponconstant tension, ontirely preventing any flickering or spasmodic actionin the lamp. The main winding is entirely left off in order to reducethe resistance in the line and to consume all the current that may be atdisposal in the are. This form appears in Fig. 6 and has a cut-out.

For lamps to he used with alternating current from the machine directwith high tension and in series the winding is differential in the mainand shunt, with the least possible resistance in the main coil, and inaccordance with the strength of the current heavy wire is used, whileonly very thin wire is taken for the shunt. A cut-out is applied to thisform of winding, which is shown in Fig. 7.

For lamps to be used with transformers with fifty volts the constructionremains the same in general, only it is wound as a maincurrent lamp andhas therefore no shunt; but the lamp-resistance is put in the maincircuit. This winding illustrated in Fig. 8 employs no cut-out.

It will be understood that cut-outs are to be used only with thehigh-tension direct or high-tension alternating currents.

Having thus described our improvements in electric-arc lamps, what weclaim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination, in an arc lamp, of a solenoid having a hollow core,a carbon-carrier passing through the said core, a clockwork mounted in apivoted frame and engagin g with said carrier, and the compound lever orlink devices joining the said pivoted frame to the said hollow core, forthe purpose set forth.

2. An electric-arc lamp having a rim extending from the casing proper ofthe lamp, rods depending from said lamp within said rim for supportingthe lower carbon, retaining devices adapted to be removably secured tosaid rim, means for carrying at the lower end thereof a globe whichmakes a tight joint with said rim and incloses said rods, and armsextending from said retaining devices and loosely engaging the said rodsfor guiding and holding in place the globe in its lowered position, forthe purpose set forth.

The combination, with the hood 4. or its equivalent, of the springsG,guides 5,carbonrods S S, and devices for attaching thelampglobe, asset forth.

L. The combination of a solenoid, a hollow core in saidsolenoid,acarbon-carrier passing through said hollow core, aclock-trainmounted in a pivoted frame and engaging with said carrier, a detent forsaid clock-train, and a compound lever connection between the pivotedframe and the hollow core, substantially as and for the purposesetforth.

5. The combination of a solenoid, a hollow core within said solenoid, acarbon-carrier passing through said hollow core, a clock-train mountedin a pivoted frame and engaging with said carrier, an escapement forsaid clock-train, a toothed segment 011 said escapement, a pivoteddetent engaging with said segment, an adjustable stop for said detent,and a compound lever connection between the pivoted frame and the hollowcore, sub stantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The combination of a solenoid, a hollow IIO core located within saidsolenoid and provided with a projection at its lower end, acarbon-carrier passing through said hollow core, a clock-train mountedin apivoted frame and engaging with said carrier, a detent for saidclock-train, a compound lever connection between the pivoted frame andthe lower end of the core, and a contact-spring adapted to makecontact'with the projection on the core, so as to cutout the lamp,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. The combination, with the casing, of an electric-arc lamp having anannular perforated hood at its lower end, fixed rods depending from saidcasing for supporting the lowercarbon,a rim attached to the upper endALOYS WIRSCHING. RUPERT SGHEFBAUER. \Vitnesses:

E. L. KOLB, WILLIS FOWLER.

